Abstract
Hydronic Heating Pavement (HHP) is an environmentally friendly method for anti-icing the roads. The HHP system harvests solar energy during summer, stores it in a Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) and releases the stored energy for anti-icing the road surface during winter. The aims of this study are to investigate: (i) the feasibility of HHP system with low fluid temperature for harvesting solar energy and anti-icing the road surface; and (ii) the long-term operation of the STES. In this study, a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) is considered to be the STES. The HHP system and the BTES are decoupled from each other and their performances are investigated separately. A hybrid 3D numerical simulation model is developed to analyze the operation of the HHP system. Moreover, a 3D numerical simulation model is made to calculate the temperature evolution at the borehole walls of the BTES. The climate data are obtained from Östersund, a city in the middle of Sweden with long and cold winter periods. Considering the HHP system with the inlet fluid temperature of 4 °C, the road area of 50 m × 3.5 m as well as the BTES with 20 boreholes and 200 m depth, the result showed that the harvested solar energy during summer is 352.1 kWh / ( m 2 · year ) , the required energy for anti-icing the road surface is 81.2 kWh / ( m 2 · year ) and the average temperature variation at the borehole walls after 50 years is +0.5 °C. Installing the HHP system in the road leads to a 1725 h shorter remaining number of hours of slippery condition on the road surface during winter and a 5.1 °C lower temperature on the road surface during summer, compared to a road without the HHP system.
Highlights
50% of all annual fatal accidents of passenger cars in Sweden occur in slippery conditions [1]
Considering that the maximum air temperature in Östersund is 25 ◦ C [33], in this study, seven fluid temperatures of 4 ◦ C, 6 ◦ C, 8 ◦ C, 10 ◦ C, 12 ◦ C, 16 ◦ C and 20 ◦ C are taken into account to investigate the feasibility of the Hydronic Heating Pavement (HHP) system for harvesting solar energy and anti-icing the road surface
Conclusions and the climate data of Östersund, it was found from this study that: By assuming the initial geometry of the HHP system in Table 3, the Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) geometry from Figure
Summary
50% of all annual fatal accidents of passenger cars in Sweden occur in slippery conditions [1]. In rural roads of northern Sweden, the proportion of fatal accidents associated with snow/ice covered roads is about 90% [2]. The effective winter maintenance is a vital service to ensure the safety and accessibility of roads. A traditional method for de-icing and anti-icing the slippery conditions on the road surface is to spread out salt and sand [3]. De-icing is an action to remove the available ice from the road surface, while anti-icing is an action to prevent ice formation on the road surface [4]. Sanding and salting can cause the pollution of the surface and water ground [5]
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