Numerical integration of functions with poles near the interval of integration

Abstract

An automatic quadrature scheme is presented for approximating integrals of functions that are analytic in the interval of integration but contain pole (or poles) of order 2, i.e., a double pole on the real axis or a complex conjugate pair of double poles, near the interval of integration. The present scheme is based on product integration rules of interpolatory type, using function values of the abscissae only in the interval of integration. The integral is approximated and evaluated by using recurrence relations and some extrapolation method after the smooth part of the integrand is expanded in terms of the Chebyshev polynomials. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique is used to generate efficiently the sequence of the finite Chebyshev series expansions until an approximation of the integral satisfying the required tolerance is obtained with an adequate estimate of the error. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the performance of the method.