Numerical illustration of diffusive flow of blood-based tri-hybrid nanofluid generated by a curved stretching sheet using law of porosity

Abstract

The study of flow of blood through the blood vessels carries nanoparticles which opens new ways in the research. This study explores one such flow of trihybrid nanoparticles suspended in blood over a curved stretching surface which undergoes the Darcy-Forchheimer porosity model. The analysis employs Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model along with chemical reaction, linear heat source allowing the surface to slip with heat and mass convection. The trihybrid nanofluids consist of a mixture of titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and silica nanoparticles mixed with base fluid (blood) to generate TiO 2 - Fe 3 O 4 - SiO 2 /blood hybrid nanofluids. Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 4th–5th order technique, a robust numerical technique, was employed to obtain mathematical solutions. Throughout the numerical process, all parameters, except those under examination, were kept at their default values. Additionally, various plots were generated based on numerical results to illustrate the obtained data. The findings indicate that an increase in the Forchheimer number and porosity results in a reduction in the velocity profile. Furthermore, an increase in the radiation parameter and thermal Biot number leads to an increase in the temperature profile, while the temperature profile decreases with an increase in the thermal relaxation parameter. Additionally, an increase in the chemical reaction parameter and concentration Biot number results in an increase in the concentration profile. Moreover, higher Brinkman and Prandtl numbers enhance the Nusselt number.