Abstract
An experimental study of expanding gravitational systems of N bodies is performed by means of computer experiments. A description of the numerical techniques, integration scheme, special handling of close encounters, is given. The effect of the rest of the universe on the system is simulated by adding a smooth time dependent gravitational field. The results are compared with the evolution of similar systems with more discrete particles placed outside. During the computer experiments, a reduction of the number of bodies is sometimes made by reducing small subclusters to single particles at their centers of mass. For 25 ⩽ N ⩽ 200, the results are shown to be sensitive to nearby external physical sources. Some very accurate, reversible and reproducible runs have been made in order to show that the computations represent purely gravitational interactions, without uncontrolled and unphysical perturbations.
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