Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a viable option for producing structural parts with a high degree of geometrical complexity. Despite such trend, accurate material properties, under diversified testing conditions, are scarce or practically non-existent for the most recent additively manufactured (AMed) materials. Such data gap may compromise component performance design, through numerical simulation, especially enhanced by topological optimisation of AMed components. This study aimed at a comprehensive characterisation of laser powder bed fusion as-built 18Ni300 maraging steel and its systematic comparison to the conventional counterpart. Multiaxial double-notched specimens demonstrated a successful depiction of both plastic and damage behaviour under different stress states. Tensile specimens with distinct notch configurations were also used for high stress triaxiality range characterisation. This study demonstrates that the multiaxial double-notched specimens constitute a viable option towards the inverse plastic behaviour calibration of high-strength additively manufactured steels in distinct state of stress conditions. AMed maraging steel exhibited higher strength and lower ductility than the conventional material.
Highlights
Over the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) has been expanded towards the production of functional parts, aiming at outstanding performance compared with their conventional counterparts for structural applications [1,2]
additively manufactured (AMed) maraging steel (99.7%) is in agreement with the manufacturer’s specification (99.8%), whereas no porosity was found for the conventionally manufactured (CMed) maraging steel
AMed 18Ni300 chemically etched sample in perpendicular-to-build direction is presented in Figure 6c, and it is in Figure 6d for a CMed sample, where a predominance of plate-like martensitic structure is noticed as well as the absence of thin-lath martensitic structures
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been expanded towards the production of functional parts, aiming at outstanding performance compared with their conventional counterparts for structural applications [1,2]. The less restrictive limitations in geometrical design of parts (relative to other manufacturing processes) along with topological optimisation techniques has attracted the most varied industrial fields. Kumar and Nair [3] highlighted the usage of topologically optimised additively manufactured (AMed) parts as well as the replacement of twenty-part assemblies by a single geometrically complex component, in the aerospace industry. Meng et al [4] indicated some efforts in using AMed parts as reinforcement in automotive structural assemblies. Metallic porous parts are used as bone scaffolds [5], and dental prostheses are efficiently produced [6] with a high degree of customisation. Mazur et al [7] illustrated the enhanced cooling rates of mould inserts with conformal channel systems in tooling, indicating decreased cycle times and improved life of the tooling system
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