Numerical evaluations of membrane poration by shockwave induced multiple nanobubble collapse in presence of electric fields for transport through cells

Q Hu,R P Joshi,L Zhang

doi:10.1063/1.5085677

Abstract

Synergistic applications of an electric field combined with nanojet-based mechanical pressure, have recently been shown to help create larger pores and provide control of the aspect ratio in biological membranes. The nanojets are formed by the collapse of nanobubbles in the vicinity of biomembranes upon being subjected to external shockwaves. Here we analyze the effects produced by the collapse of multiple nanobubbles in the presence of an electric field. Our simulations, based on molecular dynamics, show that not only would multiple nanobubbles make it possible to create larger pores, but also increase the pore density on the surface of biological cells. Both aspects could aid in the transport of drugs and genes for bio-medical applications.

Highlights

Electric pulses can be used to create pores in biological cell membranes, which function as pathways for cellular material transport
The initial velocity of the water molecules was taken to be -4 km/s, and an electric field of 0.2 V/nm was applied after passage of the shockwave
It may be noted that almost all other Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of electroporation in the literature have only yielded a single nanopore in a membrane patch! The difference here in Fig. 3 was the presence of two separated bubbles which led to two nanojets incident on the membrane, and represents a new result

Summary

Introduction

Electric pulses can be used to create pores in biological cell membranes, which function as pathways for cellular material transport. This effect was termed “electroporation”, and technically dates back about two hundred years.. Many recent applications involve the use of high intensity (∼50-100 kV/cm), nanosecond duration pulsed electric fields. This modality has been shown to help shrink tumors, triggered intra-cellular calcium release, activate platelets for wound healing, and temporary block action potential in nerves.. The use of such short-duration, high-field pulses circumvents issues such as muscle contraction, burns, and unpleasant sensations when applied in vivo This modality has been shown to help shrink tumors, triggered intra-cellular calcium release, activate platelets for wound healing, and temporary block action potential in nerves. The non-thermal nature of this excitation affords treatment in close proximity to sensitive organs. the use of such short-duration, high-field pulses circumvents issues such as muscle contraction, burns, and unpleasant sensations when applied in vivo

Results

Discussion

Conclusion