Numerical erosion prediction of aluminum induced by cavitating jet using an Eulerian–Lagrangian method

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Cavitation-induced erosion in pump machinery is a significant issue that leads to material loss and increased operating costs. This study develops a numerical method based on an energy balance approach to address the risk of cavitation erosion. Compared with other published methods, three improvements are made. Firstly, it assumes that the local instantaneous pressure is the driving force behind cavity collapse, rather than the far-away ambient pressure field. Secondly, it counts erosion only at the moment that the released shock wave is strong enough to cause surface damage. Thirdly, an Eulerian–Lagrangian method is introduced to simulate multiscale cavitation, in which the volume of fluid (VOF) method and a discrete bubble model (DBM) are combined to reproduce resolvable water-vapor interfaces and unresolvable discrete bubbles, respectively. The developed numerical modeling framework is validated by predicting the erosion of pure aluminum surface caused by a cavitating jet, and it is shown that the simulated erosion region fits well against the experimental results. Additionally, appropriate model coefficients of the erosion prediction method are introduced to achieve quantitative prediction of material mass loss, and the detailed erosion behavior is discussed.