Abstract
Based on expressions for transient three-phase short-circuit current, the formulas for radial and axial electromagnetic forces acting on transformer windings are derived. The short-circuit forces, include three components: DC component, fundamental-frequency component, and double-frequency component. Using a 17000-kVA transformer as a model, the 2-D leakage magnetic fields and forces with various phase angles are calculated by the finite-element method. The results are compared with design formulas. Numerical calculations show that the conventional design formulas used to calculate radial force can meet engineering needs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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