Abstract
Gun firing is a process that converts propellant chemical energy to projectile kinetic energy and other kinds of energies. In order to explore the energy conversion process, firstly, the interior ballistics mathematical model and the barrel-projectile finite element model are built and solved. Then, the related variable values and energy values are obtained and discussed. Finally, for improving energy efficiency, the interval uncertainty optimization problem is modeled, and then solved using the two-layer nested optimization strategy and back-propagation (BP) neural network surrogate model. Calculation results show that, after optimization, the heat efficiency raises from 31.13% to 33.05% and the max rifling stress decreases from 893.68 to 859.76 Mpa, which would improve the firing performance and prolong the lifetime of the gun barrel.
Highlights
A gun is a kind of mechanical device which is used to fire projectiles through the gun firing system.The firing process of a gun can be briefly described as follows: firstly, the propellant combusts with generation of propellant gas, and the propellant gas propels the projectile until it moves out of the gun barrel
Several physicochemical phenomena happen in the interior ballistics stage, As mentioned above, several physicochemical phenomena happen inFrom the the interior ballistics stage, and appearance of these phenomena means occurrence of energy conversion
To the law of energy conservation, these energies can be given as: where Q is the chemical energy of total propellant, Q1 is the chemical energy of the uncombusted propellant, E1 is the translational kinetic energy of the projectile, E2 is the rotational kinetic energy of the projectile, E3 is the sum of frictional energy and plastic deformation energy, E4 is the recoil energy, E5 is the thermal energy of the gun barrel and E6 is the propellant gas energy
Summary
A gun is a kind of mechanical device which is used to fire projectiles through the gun firing system. Besides movement of the projectile and combustion of the propellant, another three physicochemical phenomena happen in the interior ballistics stage, namely friction and plastic deformation of the rotating band, recoil of the gun barrel and heat transfer of the gun barrel. For the research on the movement of a projectile inside the gun barrel, Wu et al [7,8,9,10,11] performed a series of engraving tests by employing a gas gun and various kinds of rotating bands. He discussed the effect of Energies 2020, 13, 5824; doi:10.3390/en13215824 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. This paper would provide an approach to investigate energy conversion of a fixed gun and would be beneficial for investigating other kinds of thermal propulsion systems
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