Abstract
This study aimed to understand the effect of heat accumulation on microstructure formation on STS 316L during multilayer deposition by a laser metal deposition (LMD) process and to predict the microstructure morphology. A comprehensive experimental and numerical study was conducted to quantify the solidification parameters (temperature gradient (G) and growth rate (R)) in the LMD multilayer deposition process. During deposition, the temperature profile at a fixed point in the deposit was measured to validate the numerical model, and then the solidification parameters were quantified using the model. Simultaneously, the microstructure of the deposit was investigated to confirm the microstructure morphology. Then, a relationship between the microstructure morphology and the G/R was proposed using a solidification map. The findings of this study can guide the design of scanning paths to produce deposits with a uniform structure.
Highlights
In the multilayer deposition process of metals using additive manufacturing (AM) technology, a heat-accumulation phenomenon occurs owing to the repeated heat input from the deposition of each layer
3b pyrometer shows the temperature profile measured usingtemperature a pyrometer for andthe thenumerical temperature calculated through the simulation model
To investigate the quantitative relationship between the solidification parameters and the microstructures formed by heat accumulation owing to repetitive heat input in the multilayer
Summary
In the multilayer deposition process of metals using additive manufacturing (AM) technology, a heat-accumulation phenomenon occurs owing to the repeated heat input from the deposition of each layer. Researchers have been concerned by the changes in the cooling rate of each layer due to this accumulated heat because these changes have a significant influence on the formation of microstructures that, in turn, affect the mechanical properties of the deposit [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Solidification parameters such as the temperature gradient (G) and growth rate (R) determine the solidification characteristics. It is not easy to calculate or measure quantitative information about the solidification parameters during the deposition process, and repeated experiments require considerable time and cost
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