Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Signatures of Buried Landmines in Dry Soil

Abstract

This paper reports a numerical and experimental investigation conducted to study the thermal signature of buried landmines on soil surface. A finite-volume-based numerical model was developed to solve the unsteady three-dimensional heat transport equation in dry homogeneous soil with a buried mine. Numerical predictions of soil thermal response were validated by comparison with published analytical and numerical values in addition to data obtained experimentally. Experiments were performed inside an environmental chamber and soil temperatures were measured during cooling, using two measurement techniques, after exposing the soil surface to a radiant heat flux for a specified period. In the first technique, the temporal variation of the surface and internal soil temperatures were recorded using thermocouples. In the second technique, the soil surface temperature was measured using an infrared camera that revealed the thermal signature of the mine. The transient temperature profiles generated numerically agreed with measurements, and the difference between predicted and measured values was less than 0.3°C at both the soil surface and in depth. The accurate matching of numerical and IR images at the surfaces was found to strongly depend on the use of a smaller soil thermal conductivity at the surface than at greater depths. The numerical model was used to predict the dependence of the peak thermal contrast on time, depth, and heating period. The thermographic analysis, when combined with numerical predictions, holds promise as a method for detecting shallowly buried land mines.