Numerical and experimental investigation of a multi-channel heat sink distribution header designed by topology optimization

Abstract

The fluid distribution had a significant effect on the performance of the I-shaped multichannel heat sink. Previous researchers have improved fluid distribution by arranging baffles; however, this resulted in an increased pressure drop. In this study, a multichannel radiator distribution header was designed using a topological optimization method, and experimental and numerical studies were conducted. Both a numerical model and physical prototype were created and subsequently evaluated to assess the performance of the resultant distribution header. The effects of the distribution and conventional headers on the performance of a multichannel heat sink were compared. The results demonstrated that the distribution header designed using the topology optimization method can significantly improve multichannel performance. The optimized header design exhibited improved flow distribution rationality, enhanced heat dissipation, and reduced pressure drop compared to the two conventional designs. The volume flow rate was reduced by 58.66% and 59.29%, the heat transfer coefficient was increased by 29.39% and 21.42%, and the pressure drop was reduced by 9.38% and 16.98%. A peach-shaped baffle plays an important role in fluid distribution. These findings highlight the effectiveness and potential of topology optimization in the design of complex fluid distribution systems for heat exchanger.