Abstract
The study deals with the experimental and numerical investigation of the hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal solar collector system in Duhok city during seven months and includes different measurements of temperatures, water mass flow rate, wind velocity, and solar intensity. A one-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the transient processes with constant thermo-physical properties and heat transfer coefficients. The energy conservation equations are solved using implicit finite difference method. The numerical and experimental results showed satisfactory agreement with an error (2.36%) between two thermal efficiencies. The results include the estimation of the electrical and thermal energy, thermal, electrical and overall efficiency. The highest overall efficiency of PV/T collector occurs in May 2019 with value (72.01%) and the lowest value in January 2019 is obtained as (63.1%). The cooling method leads to an increase in the electrical efficiency to about 3% as compared with PV solar collector system.
Highlights
The renewable energy sources increase and investment in this area is an essential demand for many reasons such as limited fossil fuel resources and environmental issues
The results showed that the collector thermal efficiency reached 33.5% and electrical efficiency to 3.25% assuming that the photovoltaic cell temperature is equal to the absorber plate average temperature
The numerical and experimental investigations for a hybrid PV/T solar collector system are obtained in Duhok climate during seven months from November 2018 to May 2019 to examine different weather conditions
Summary
The renewable energy sources increase and investment in this area is an essential demand for many reasons such as limited fossil fuel resources and environmental issues. Solar thermal collector systems are heat exchangers that used to convert the radiation energy from the sun into thermal energy through a transport medium (Alyousifi & Ali, 2020). There are two kinds of the solar collector systems: concentrated and non-concentrated collectors such as flat plate collector (FPC) and evacuated tube collector (ETC) (Ali & Jameel, 2011). The essential features of the traditional FPC collectors are; black metal absorber plate (usually metal), tubes, ducts or passages attached to the back surface of the absorbent plate, insulation material to reduce thermal losses, glasses (one or two) and metal box surrounds all the mentioned components tightly (Duffie & Beckman, 2013)
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