Abstract
The requirements for the fire resistance of steel structures of oil and gas facilities for transportation and production of hydrocarbons are considered (structures of tankers and offshore platforms). It is found that the requirements for the values of fire resistance of structures under hydrocarbon rather than standard fire conditions are given only for offshore stationary platforms. Experimental studies on the loss of integrity (E) and thermal insulating capacity (I) of steel bulkheads and deck with mineral wool under standard and hydrocarbon fire regimes are presented. Simulation of structure heating was performed, which showed a good correlation with the experimental results (convective heat transfer coefficients for bulkheads of class H: 50 W/m2·K; for bulkheads of class A: 25 W/m2·K). The consumption of mineral slabs and endothermic mat for the H-0 bulkhead is predicted. It is calculated that under a standard fire regime, mineral wool with a density of 80–100 kg/m2 and a thickness of 40 to 85 mm should be used; under a hydrocarbon fire regime, mineral wool with a density above 100 kg/m2 and a thickness of 60–150 mm is required. It is shown that to protect the structures of decks and bulkheads in a hydrocarbon fire regime, it is necessary to use 30–40% more thermal insulation and apply the highest density of fire-retardant material compared to the standard fire regime. Parameters of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the applied flame retardant in the temperature range from 0 to 1000 °C were clarified.
Highlights
It is shown that to protect the structures of decks and bulkheads in a hydrocarbon fire regime, it is necessary to use 30–40% more thermal insulation and apply the highest density of fire-retardant material compared to the standard fire regime
According to the test results, it was found that the H0 bulkhead with a steel sheet thickness of 4.5 mm, insulated with mineral wool with a thickness of 60/125 mm and a density of 150 kg/m3, has fire resistance under the action of a hydrocarbon fire regime for at least 30 min before reaching the parameter of thermal insulating capacity (I) and at least 120 min before reaching the parameter of loss of integrity due to the temperature increase on the unheated surface of the structure on average more than 140 ◦ C
Test methods of the fire resistance of steel structures for hydrocarbon fuel transportation facilities are similar to the requirements of onshore structures of the oil and gas complex
Summary
In Europe and the USA, combustion of hydrocarbons (oil, oil products) and the development of fire are considered on the hydrocarbon fire curve, at which, in the first minutes of the fire, the temperature reaches 1000 ◦ C and higher [3,4]. In the design of structures of the oil and gas complex (O&G) in Russia, the condition of fire development on the standard (“cellulose”) curve according to ISO 834 [5] is used. As petroleum vapors are heavier than air, they can spread through tanker rooms and ignite over large areas. Fire or flooding of compartments can damage equipment and cause a critical risk to operations [7,8,9]. In [11], the design of a working barge with a displacement of 5000 tons was Received: 19 December 2021
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