Abstract
In the high latitudes, the icy patches on the road are frequently generated and have a wide distribution, which are difficult to remove and obviously affect the normal usage of the highways, bridges and airport runways. Physical deicing, such as microwave (MW) deicing, help the ice melt completely through heating mode and then the ice layer can be swept away. Though it is no pollution and no damage to the ground, the low efficiency hinders the development of MW deicing vehicle equipped without sufficient speed. In this work, the standard evaluation of deicing is put forward firstly. The intensive MW deicing is simplified to ice melting process characterized by one-dimensional slab with uniform volumetric energy generation, which results in phase transformation and interface motion between ice and water. The heating process is split into the superposition of three parts — non-heterogeneous heating for ground without phase change, heat transfer with phase change and the heat convection between top surface of ice layer and flow air. Based on the transient heat conduction theory, a mathematical model, combining electromagnetic and two-phase thermal conduction, is proposed in this work, which is able to reveal the relationship between the deicing efficiency and ambient conditions, as well as energy generation and material parameters. Using finite difference time-domain, this comprehensive model is developed to solve the moving boundary heat transfer problem in a one-dimensional structured gird. As a result, the stimulation shows the longitudinal temperature distributions in all circumstances and quantitative validation is obtained by comparing simulated temperature distributions under different conditions. In view of the best economy and fast deicing, these analytic solutions referring to the complex influence factors of deicing efficiency demonstrate the optimal matching for the new deicing design.
Highlights
The common deicing methods mainly consist of chemical deicing, artificial deicing, mechanical deicing and thermal deicing
Rapid deicing on pavement has not been implemented hitherto on account of the low efficiency of deicing which is tremendously impacted by several key factors containing pavement material, ambient temperature, thickness of ice layer and MW power
MW heating to the pavement and ice layer is non-uniform which is due to the electromagnetic waves and the variation in dielectric, physical and thermal properties of pavement and ice layer, especially the phase change of the ice
Summary
The common deicing methods mainly consist of chemical deicing, artificial deicing, mechanical deicing and thermal deicing. Accounting for temperature-dependent properties, phase change and material with internal heat source, it is necessary to solve the nonlinear process by coupling electromagnetic and heat transfer equations. The transient heat conduction solution with fixed boundary condition and the single-phase condition has been examined by Oziksik.[8] Later, MV melting studies considering two-dimensional MW thawing with a fixed grid-based effective heat-capacity method coupled with Maxwell’s equations were carried out by Basak and Ayappa[9] The changing electric field and material properties with time and temperature varying might contribute to an uneven absorption of MW energy and subsequent non-uniformity in heating pattern.[10] Recently, Salema and Afzal[11] has solved a coupled electromagnetic and heat transfer model to perform simulation based on varying specific heat values. Li and Zhang[12] has developed a transient solution to reveal the parameter-dependent influence on the deicing process through a carbon nanofiber polymer thermal source and a multi-wall thermal conductive layer
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