Abstract
A three-dimensional transient model is developed for numerical analysis of the temperature field, the weld pool, and keyhole shape during the controlled pulse key-holing plasma arc welding process. With considering the coupled thermal-mechanical actions exerted on the keyhole wall from the arc plasma, the periodic variation of the keyhole undergoing “establishing – expanding – contracting – closing” is numerically simulated in a pulse cycle. The computed accuracy is improved by accounting for the thermal-balance condition on the keyhole wall. The predicted keyhole sustaining period and fusion zones are in agreement with the experimentally measured ones.
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