Abstract
Numerical simulation has been carried out for the fully developed turbulent How of an open channel by using a Reynolds stress model. In calculation, since the turbulent structure including free surface is different from the duct flow, it is necessary to modify the model constants and boundary condition. Calculated results are compared with the experimental data available. The most important feature is that the maximum velocity appears not at the free surface, but rather just below it, in the open channel How. This phenomenon is called the 'velocity-dip', and it is peculiar to open-channel flows. The present method can predict this phenomenon well. The secondary flow pattern of the open channel is quite different from that of a closed channel. The essential reason for this difference is the presence of a free surface, instead of a plane symmetry. This secondary flow pattern is predicted in good agreement with the experimental data by applying the modified Reynolds stress model.
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