Abstract
Supersonic impinging jet flows always occur when aircrafts start short takeoff and vertical landing from the ground. Supersonic flows with residues produced by chemical reaction of fuel mixture have the potential of reducing aircraft performance and landing ground. The adverse flow conditions such as impinging force, high noise spectrum, and high shear stress always take place. Due to rare data on particle-gas impinging jet flows to date, three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out to investigate supersonic impinging jet flows of particle-gas two phases in the present studies. A convergent sonic nozzle and a convergent-divergent supersonic nozzle were used to induce supersonic impinging jet flows. Discrete phase model (DPM), where interaction with continuous phase and two-way turbulence coupling model were considered, was used to simulate particle-gas flows. Effects of different particle diameter and Stokes number were investigated. Particle mass loading of 10% were considered for all simulations. Gas and particle velocity contours, wall shear stress, and impinging force on the ground surface were obtained to describe different phenomena inside impinging and wall jet flows of single gas phase and gas-particle two phases.
Highlights
Supersonic impinging jet flows always occur as aircrafts start taking off or landing near the ground in aerospace engineering fields
Results showed that gas and particle velocity was higher from supersonic impinging jet flows induced by sonic nozzle compared to that induced by supersonic nozzle at the same operating conditions due to effects of particles
Particles at smaller diameter that results to smaller Stokes number of particles were proved to follow supersonic flow more faithfully
Summary
Supersonic impinging jet flows always occur as aircrafts start taking off or landing near the ground in aerospace engineering fields. Many unexpected phenomena can occur and lead to damages in aircrafts and landing ground. Due to flow entrainment associated with the lifting jets, the lift loss induces low surface pressure on the airframe, which results to a force opposing the lift. The loss increases with the decrease of the distance from aircrafts to landing ground. The impingement at high speed and temperature jets to landing ground leads to significant thermal loading and erosion. Another adverse effect is an acoustic landing caused by high sound pressure levels in supersonic impinging jets
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