Abstract
Smoke from fires in residential buildings represents the greatest threat to the life and health of inhabitants and firefighters at the scene of an accident. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reconstruct a numerical model for the estimation of smoke spread in a medium-high building under different ventilation conditions. Here, the three-dimensional geometry of a designated medium-high building was reconstructed and an exit door in the basement was specified as a smoke inlet; a window in the upper part was marked as outlet; and an entrance door, which allowed the outside air to enter the building after opening, was designated as an inlet door. The initial simulation, in which no air could enter the building, predicted the time taken for the staircase to become filled with smoke. In a second simulation, the entrance door was a fresh air inlet. The results showed that, for the analyzed building, rapid use of the mechanical ventilation can shorten the time of operations and improve their safety.
Highlights
The progress of building technology as well as architectural achievements allows highrise buildings to be constructed [1]
The results showed that after about 60 s, the whole block was smoky. This time might be the basis for determining the available safe escape time (ASET)
All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript
Summary
The progress of building technology as well as architectural achievements allows highrise buildings to be constructed [1]. Researchers have examined the performance of different ventilation systems for high-rise buildings [5,6] and studied smoke temperature distribution within buildings [7]. The relationship between fire size and the resultant distribution of smoke temperatures along ceilings and staircases is an important aspect that must be considered when designing high-rise buildings [8]. When firefighters wearing special clothing are exposed to high temperatures, reaching several hundred degrees Celsius, they may experience heat stroke. For these reasons, it is extremely important to know the ways and directions of the movement of hot and harmful fire gases in closed spaces. Detection, human behavior, fire service intervention and operational issues of smoke and heat control systems are major aspects during building design [17]
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