Abstract
ABSTRACT The microstructure of 3D five-directional braided composites (5DBCs) comprises the following three constituents: yarn, matrix and interface. The interface is the bridge between yarn and the matrix, and it controls the mechanical properties of composites. In this paper, a meso-scale finite element (FE) model containing an interface is proposed to analyze the off-axial tensile behavior of 5DBCs. Hashin criteria and maximum stress criteria with a gradual degradation scheme are employed to capture the damage evolution behavior of yarn and the matrix; zero-thickness cohesive elements ruled by a bilinear traction–separation constitutive relation are applied to simulate the interface debonding. These constitutive models are coded into a user-defined material subroutine VUMAT and implemented to attain a numerical solution based on ABAQUS/Explicit solver. The meso-scale FE model is verified with available experimental data in the on-axial loading condition and then utilized to predict the mechanical response in diverse off-axial tensile cases. The damage evolution process of a 5DBC specimen under typical off-axial loading is provided, and the corresponding failure mechanism is analyzed in detail. This work provides a transferable approach for numerical study on the interface and off-axis load problems in other textile composites.
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