Numerical Analysis of Fuels Type Effect on Combustion and Emissions of Turbo-Charged Direct Injection Engine

Abstract

One of the most important sources of contaminant emissions, especially in urban areas, is the car. Certain types of fuels are considered very beneficial in reducing emissions. The objective of this work is to study the effects of different types of fuels on the combustion and flow characteristics through the modeling of a direct injection turbocharged diesel engine. In this study, the simulation of combustion and pollutant emission evolution of an engine alimented with five fuels (C14H30, C16H34, C8H18, C5H12, and C2H5OH) was performed with CONVERGE CFD software. The results obtained confirm that the diesel engine is more powerful than an engine powered by light fuels such as gasoline. Injection of C16H34 and C14H30 resulted in higher pressure, temperature, and heat rate than C8H18 (15.17% and 12.8% for pressure, 25.12% and 24.4% for temperature, and 54.54% and 31.81% for heat rate compared to C8H18). For polluting gases, if the engine is powered by heavy fuel oil, there are fewer unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, on the other hand, more soot and NOx, compared to C8H18. For the gaseous pollutants, the injection of the C14H30 generates more NOx and soot but less HC and CO (58.3%, 49.23%, 51.61%, and 2% respectively compared to C8H18). On the other hand, injection of C2H5OH generates a lower NOx and soot emissions level if compared to diesel (reduced levels by 75% and 95% respectively compared to diesel).