Abstract
Number Theory: A Very Short Introduction explains the branch of mathematics primarily concerned with the counting numbers, 1, 2, 3, …. Long considered one of the most ‘beautiful’ areas of mathematics, number theory dates back over two millennia to the Ancient Greeks, but has seen some startling new developments in recent years. Trailblazers in the field include mathematicians Euclid of Alexandria, Pierre de Fermat, Leonhard Euler, and Carl Friedrich Gauss. Number theory has intrigued and attracted amateurs and professionals alike for thousands of years, appearing in both recreational contexts (puzzles) and practical concerns (cryptography). Some problems in number theory are easy, whereas others are notorious with no known solutions to date.
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