Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Asia and Africa are the continents with the largest number of confirmed cases on the planet. The objective of this study was to show the number of confirmed cases of tuberculosis in Brazil between 2007 and 2016. The research was conducted in DATASUS database and in scientific articles. The results show that the number of confirmed cases of the disease remained stable for nine years, presenting a sharp drop in the last year of the study; the southeastern region had the highest number of confirmed cases, followed by the northeast of the country, south, north and midwest, respectively; people in the age group between 20 and 59 years presented the largest number of cases; the male gender is approximately twice more affected by tuberculosis than the female; and pulmonary tuberculosis had much higher numbers than the extrapulmonary form and the cases of people with both types of the disease. Agglomeration of people facilitates the spread of M. tuberculosis bacteria. The number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis was greater than the number of extrapulmonary cases because it is airborne rapidly in environments with many people. Adult individuals appear to be more susceptible to tuberculosis, as there is no vaccination campaign for this age group. However, the chances of cure are higher when using the correct treatment. Apparently, there was an improvement in the organization of health in Brazil and a better preparation of the health professionals in tuberculosis care.
Highlights
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br Figure 1 Number of confirmed cases of tuberculosis in Brazil between the years 2007 and 2016. This fact may be related to the improvement in the brazilian health organization and the improvement of health professionals' training in tuberculosis care
Agglomeration of people facilitates the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria
Summary
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to the WHO, Asia and Africa are the continents with the highest number of confirmed cases on the planet (Mjid et al, 2015). Smoking and some infections such as HIV, for example, increase the chances of developing tuberculosis and, even though it is not a hereditary disease, the family environment is a great facilitator to the transmission. Extra care should be taken in homes where someone is infected (Mjid et al, 2015). The risk of acquiring the disease is defined by the degree of approximation of infected individuals. Despite numerous strategies adopted by WHO to eradicate it, several factors influence (such as immigration and population individualism, for example). It is necessary to isolate infected persons, specially in hospitals (Abouda et al, 2014)
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