Number and Volume of Islets Transplanted in Immunobarrier Devices

Abstract

Immunobarrier devices may prevent immune destruction of transplanted islets, but there are concerns about survival within such devices. Islets were transplanted in diffusion chambers that employed two laminated polytetrafluoroethylene membranes held together with titanium rings. Five hundred syngeneic mouse islets placed in devices were transplanted into the epididymal fat pads of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice (B6AF1). After 2 wk the devices were removed. Sections were made parallel to the membrane surface. Eight to 13 systematically selected sections of each device were analyzed by planimetry to determine the area of the device space and of the islets within that space. From these data we estimated total volume of the device, volume of islets, and number of islets in a device. The data were segregated into two groups: group I (blood glucose less than 100 mg/dL 2 wk after implantation), and group II (over 150 mg/dL). The volume (mean ± SE) of devices implanted for 2 wk was 2.1 ± 0.4 μL in group I and 2.2 ± 0.2 μL in group II. The islet volume and number within devices were 0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.17 ± 0.01 μL, or 340 ± 50 and 230 ± 20 islets in group I and group II, respectively. The volume of fibrous tissue in devices was about 0.50 μL. About 10% of the islet tissue had central necrosis. The beta cell volume in a membrane device needed for cure is comparable to that required with islets under the kidney capsule (0.25–0.80 μL). The mass of islets contained within membrane devices needed to cure diabetes is equivalent to that of a graft in an optimal transplant site such as under the kidney capsule.