Abstract
Modem constructional tendencies are largely dependent on the increasing variety and improvement of building materials available in commercial quantities. These materials can be divided into natural and synthetic, and the distinguished engineers Leonhardt and Andra discuss the best uses of synthetic resins and artificial rubber, as applied to new types of supports and hinges. In laboratory and full scale tests, the commercial versions of resins known as Neoprene and Teflon have been chosen as being, at least for the time being, specially suitable for the purposes envisaged by the above authors. They hope that these materials will find a growing number of uses in the field of engineering and construction. The authors have carried strict and detailed investigations on the strength and elastic properties of these resins, when subjected to high stresses. High quality materials are required to withstand the concentrated stresses close to the points of application of the loads. The fatigue effect, as a long time weakening process, must also be carefully considered. These concentrated loads, in limiting cases, may be likened in their effect to that of sharp points or edges. The new materials make it possible to reduce considerably the loadings areas. A further factor to be taken into account is the structural rigidity, which the authors have studied closely, relating it to the flexibility at the points of support and at the hinges. The various types of supports have been discussed, and graphical information on their possible uses has been provided. Specific functional requirements demand corresponding measures of flexibility at the supports, as, for instance, allowance for dilations, due to temperature changes. Furthermore, the points of support of a structure should have an optimum cross sectional area, depending on the other circumstances. Finally the authors refer to the future possibilities of these new types of supports, and they indicate a number of theoretical and technical difficulties inherent in these bearings: they also express acknowledgement to German individuals and institutions, for their contribution to this investigation.
Highlights
En los ensayos de laboratorio y a escala natural, las variedades comerciales de estas resinas, conocidas con los nombres de «neopreno» y «Teflon», han sido elegidas por presentar, por lo menos actualmente, características marcadamente apropiadas a la finalidad perseguida en este estudio, del que se confía ulterior desarrollo y mejor acogida, por las importantes aplicaciones que de él se derivan en el campo de la ingeniería y construcción
Por medio de ensayos pudo comprobarse que, puliendo las superficies deslizantes o dándoles una mano de Molykote, para fuerzas horizontales de hasta H z= 0,20N el coeficiente de rozamiento entre tapa y pared de caja era inferior a /x = 0',01
Endlich schliesst die Arbeit mit einer Reihe von Einwanden technisch-theoretischer Art über alie Lager-Typen, die im Text behandelt wurden; sie sprechen den verschiedenen Personlichkeiten und deutschen Instituten für die von ihnen empfangene Mitarbeit ihren Dank aus
Summary
La exposición del jardín celebrada en Stuttgart, 1961, se aprovechó para modificar convenientemente el núcleo de la ciudad. Los tapices verdes salpicados aquí y allá con grupos de árboles centenarios de magnífico porte han sido atravesados por una calle transversal; otras dos, también transversales, han sido ensanchadas y se han establecido pasarelas para facilitar el acceso y la circulación a los numerosos peatones que allí acuden en busca de reposo y distracción. La primera y principal de estas pasarelas, objeto de este artículo, es la que cruza la calle de Schiller, estableciendo comunicación directa entre el Landtag (palacio provincial) y dos teatros por un lado y la estación principal por otro A un lado y otro de la misma se han construido estanques, piscinas, sendas de jardín, bibliotecas, pequeños cafés, etc., deformando un núcleo de descanso y recreo en el mismo corazón de la ciudad. Esta ubicación especial no debe perderse de vista para darse cuenta de que la construcción ha de acomodarse a circunstancias poco corrientes
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