Nucleophilic Attack on Cyclooctadiene Complexes of Palladium: Stereochemistry of the Resulting Cyclooctenylpalladium Derivatives

Abstract

Reaction of [PdClMe(cod)] with MeO2CC⋮CCO2Me occurs in two steps, namely, insertion of the alkyne into the Pd−Me bond followed by migratory insertion of one of the double bonds of the coordinated cyclooctadiene into the Pd−alkenyl bond thus formed. The resulting chloride-bridged, cyclooctenyl complex was converted to [Pd(acac){η1,η2-C8H12C(CO2Me)CMe(CO2Me)}], 2a, which was characterized crystallographically. The molecular structure revealed that each insertion took place in a cis manner. Reactions of [PdCl2(cod)] with a range of nucleophiles were performed, which gave analogous chloride-bridged, cyclooctenylpalladium dimers, 1, which could be converted to their acetylacetonate derivatives, 2. The solid-state structure of the methoxy complex [Pd(acac)(η1,η2-C8H12OMe)], 2b, obtained by reaction of [PdCl2(cod)] with NaOMe followed by Ag(acac), was determined. This showed that exo attack of the OMe group occurred. In contrast, the structure of the phenyl derivative [Pd(acac)(η1,η2-C8H12Ph)], 2e, produced by treatment of [PdCl2(cod)] with Ph4Sn followed by Ag(acac), indicated that the phenyl group added in an endo fashion, presumably via a phenylpalladium intermediate of the type [PdClPh(cod)]. With the larger mesityl group, the complex [PdCl(C6H2Me3)(cod)] could be isolated. Each of the complexes was fully characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and the appearance of the CHPd signal was used to distinguish between the exo and endo isomers. On the basis of the crystallographic and NMR data, it was deduced that the organometallic reagents ArMgX (Ar = Ph, 2-MeC6H4, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2), Ph4Sn, and (4-MeC6H4)2Hg generate the endo products by initial attack at the metal. In contrast, reactions with NaOR (R = Me, Et), NaCH(CO2Me)2, AgOAc, and Et2NH proceed by direct attack of the nucleophile at the coordinated double bond to give the exo products.