Abstract
We study the nucleon as a nontopological soliton in a quark medium as well as in a nucleon medium in terms of the Polyakov quark meson (PQM) model with two flavors at finite temperature and density. The constituent quark masses evolving with the temperature at various baryon chemical potentials are calculated and the equations of motion are solved according to the proper boundary conditions. The PQM model predicts an increasing size of the nucleon and a reduction of the nucleon mass in both hot environment. However, the phase structure is different from each other in quark and nucleon mediums. There is a crossover in the low-density region and a first-order phase transition in the high-density region in quark medium, whereas there exists a crossover characterized by the overlap of the nucleons in nucleon medium.
Highlights
QCD as a theory of strong interaction is applied to understand how the conversion from hadrons to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is related to a restoration of the chiral symmetry and a deconfinement
We have investigated the nucleon as a B = 1 soliton in a hot medium using the Polyakov quark-meson model in the mean-field approximation
Our results show that both the effective nucleon mass and the proton charge rms radius are not drastically altered according to the increasing of the temperature for a nucleon in a quark medium or in a nucleon medium, but when the temperature is closer to the critical temperature, the effective nucleon mass decreases very sharply and this accompanies by the sudden increase of the radius of the nucleon
Summary
QCD as a theory of strong interaction is applied to understand how the conversion from hadrons to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is related to a restoration of the chiral symmetry and a deconfinement. We continue to study a nontopological soliton solution of the PQM model at finite temperature and density but with hot matter considered as a nucleon medium rather than a as quark medium, as adopted in our previous studies [17,26] In this case, we merely take into account the nuclear degrees of freedom in the hadron phase before the QCD phase transition. Our present study will extend these previous works to a more realistic scenario by considering the thermal medium in a hadron phase as hot nucleon matter In such a hybrid nontopological soliton model, similar to the approach of the RMF model, the nucleons as a B = 1 soliton in a hot medium are coupled directly to the meson fields in order to respect to some extent confinement before the phase transition. We conclude with a summary and discussions in the last section
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