Nucleon and deuteron induced spallation reactions

Abstract

The intranuclear cascade (INC)+evaporation model is used to display the gross features of proton, neutron and deuteron induced spallation reactions between 200 MeV and 2 GeV incident energy per nucleon. Particular attention is focused on average particle multiplicities and their dependencies upon target mass number and incident energy. Simple formulae are derived to allow an easy use of these results. They are expected to provide a rapid survey of the gross features of spallation reactions. The decomposition of particle multiplicities and of cross-sections into cascade and evaporation components is performed and discussed. The impact parameter dependence is investigated. The excitation energy left in the target at the end of the cascade step is also studied, as well as the gross properties of the subsequent evolution of the target remnant. It is shown that neutron differential cross-sections can be split into components with reasonably identified physical origin, which exhibit simple power laws as functions of the target mass number.