Abstract
Nuclear import and export of viral RNA and proteins are critical to the replication cycle of viruses that replicate in the nucleus. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus that belongs to the order Mononegavirales. BDV has several distinguishing features, one of the most striking being the site of its replication. BDV RNA is transcribed and replicated in the nucleus, while most other negative-strand RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of BDV macromolecules plays a key role in virus replication. Growing evidence indicates that several BDV proteins, including the nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, protein X and large protein, contribute to the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of BDV ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The directional control of BDV RNP trafficking is likely determined by the ratios of and interactions between the nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals in the RNP. In this review, we present a comprehensive view of several unique mechanisms that BDV has developed to control its RNP trafficking and discuss the significance of BDV RNP trafficking in the replication cycle of BDV.
Highlights
Borna disease virus (BDV) is the member of the Bornaviridae family within the non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, Mononegavirales
BDV is composed of five structural proteins, nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and large protein (L), and one non-structural protein, X
Many excellent studies have been published on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BDV proteins but the implications of this process for the viral replication cycle have not been reviewed in a comprehensive manner
Summary
Borna disease virus (BDV) is the member of the Bornaviridae family within the non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, Mononegavirales. BDV, unlike most other RNA viruses, replicates in the nuclei of infected cells. The nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of BDV proteins must play critical roles in the BDV replication cycle. BDV is composed of five structural proteins, nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and large protein (L), and one non-structural protein, X Among these structural proteins, N, P, and L are essential for viral replication and transcription. Many excellent studies have been published on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BDV proteins but the implications of this process for the viral replication cycle have not been reviewed in a comprehensive manner. We will discuss the implication of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling for three different stages of BDV infection: nuclear import of viral RNPs, replication of RNPs in the nucleus, and egress of nascent RNPs from the nucleus. Because BDV has evolved several unique strategies to exploit the host nuclear transport system, reviewing these strategies may shed light on the BDV replication cycle and point the way to novel strategies to control virus replication in other viral infections
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
