Abstract
Nucleation stages and surface morphology evolution of epitaxial SrBi 2Ta 2O 9 thin films on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates have been studied by ultra-high vacuum atomic force microscopy. The SrBi 2Ta 2O 9 nucleates and grows half-unit-cell by half-unit-cell as well-defined 2D islands at low coverage. After 2D growth stage, which proceeds up to several half unit-cell layers, a transition from 2D to 3D island growth is observed. After coalescence of small 3D islands into larger islands, clear columnar structures, consisting of spirals, emerge. The surfaces of films with their thickness above 1500 Å exhibit round hills consisting of curved terraces with sizes of steps ranging from 6 Å to 12.5 Å.
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