Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Resistant Corn Silks Enhance Mortality of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

Abstract

Plant resistance to insects, specifically antibiosis, offers a biologically, economically, and environmentally sound alternative to pesticides for controlling the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in corn, Zea mays L. Our study included a series of experiments to evaluate the effects of resistant and susceptible silks incorporated into pinto bean diets on the infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Elcar) applied to the surface of diet with and without formalin. Neonate, 4- and 8-day-old corn earworm larvae were tested. The combination of Elcar and resistant corn silks increased mortality of the corn earworm neonates. When resistant silks were tested in diet without formalin, the surface of the diet darkened and the neonates tended to burrow into the diet to feed, reducing the amount of virus consumed and hence mortality. After feeding on diets containing resistant silks for 4 or 8 days, earlier and higher mortality was associated with lower weight of larvae that were exposed to Elcar. Elcar caused 49% (diet with formalin) and 87% (diet without formalin) mortality of the 8-day-old larvae that had fed on the resistant silk diets as opposed to 0 and 3% mortality for larvae that had fed on diets without the resistant silks prior to treatment with the virus. Our results demonstrate that resistant corn silks and Elcar are compatible approaches for controlling corn earworm larvae.