Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the western world. The expression differences of many proteins are associated with breast cancer progression or suppression. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of nm23 protein in the invasion status and metastatic potential of breast cancer by using tissue microarray and to determine its role in breast cancer based on the expression of nm23 gene product.Methodnm23 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using commercially available tissue microarray containing malignant and normal breast tissues from 216 patients.Resultsa similar percentage of cases showed positive cytoplasmic/nuclear staining for nm23 in normal breast tissue (85.7%), primary breast carcinoma node negative (97.5%) and carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (92.1%). Nuclear localization of staining for nm23 protein was higher in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) node positive (24.3%) and in matched lymph mode metastasis (18.9%) compared to IDC node negative (4.9%). Strong intensity of cytoplasmic/nucleus staining was observed in IDC node negative (42.6%), in IDC node positive (57.1%), and Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) node negative (44%) compared to normal breast tissue (16.7%).Conclusionnm23 protein expression appears widely expressed in normal breast, early and advanced breast cancer stages. Interestingly our study found that strong staining intensity and nuclear localization of nm23 protein may prove to be a useful marker of breast cancer progression.
Highlights
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells [1,2,3] and their ability to invade other organs or tissues, either by invasion or metastasis [2,3,4]
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays from 188 lymph node negative breast cancer patients, 50 breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis (50 malignant tissues and 50 matched lymph node tissue cores with metastasis) and 8 normal breast tissue cores were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression nm23 protein
The immunohistochemical expression of nm23 protein was observed in 97.5% (119/122) of node negative infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC)
Summary
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth (proliferation) of cells [1,2,3] and their ability to invade other organs or tissues, either by invasion or metastasis [2,3,4]. Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in United Kingdom [5]. 182,000 estimated new cases of women with breast cancer are seen in the United States each year [7,8]. The number of women who die of breast cancer is approximately 46,000 each year in USA [7]. One out of eight women in United States and out of ten women in Europe is at risk of developing breast cancer at (page number not for citation purposes). The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of nm protein in the invasion status and metastatic potential of breast cancer by using tissue microarray and to determine its role in breast cancer based on the expression of nm gene product
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