Abstract

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mitigates cell damage due to stress, environmental xenobiotics,and toxic chemicals. Nrf2 is present in the cytoplasm bound to its cysteine-rich Kelch domain-containingpartner, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), where is ubiquitinated and degraded. In addition toinducers that disrupt the Keap1-Nrf2 complex, defective autophagy has recently been shown to upregulateendogenous p62, which interacts with Keap1 triggering transcriptional activation of Nrf2 in several cancers. Thisregulation by Nrf2-dependent transactivation of cytoprotective genes needs to be validated by clinical trials inview of its persistent activation in a p62-dependent manner when there is deregulation of autophagy.

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