Abstract
Transport of messenger RNA (mRNA) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is an essential step of eukaryotic gene expression. In the cell nucleus, a precursor mRNA undergoes a series of processing steps, including capping at the 5' ends, splicing and cleavage/polyadenylation at the 3' ends. During this process, the mRNA associates with a wide variety of proteins, forming a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particle. Association with factors involved in nuclear export also occurs during transcription and processing, and thus nuclear export is fully integrated into mRNA maturation. The coupling between mRNA maturation and nuclear export is an important mechanism for providing only fully functional and competent mRNA to the cytoplasmic translational machinery, thereby ensuring accuracy and swiftness of gene expression. This review describes the molecular mechanism of nuclear mRNA export mediated by the principal transport factors, including Tap-p15 and the TREX complex.
Highlights
Eukaryotic cells consist of various organelles that execute different activities to sustain a range of cellular functions
We found that Tap mutants harboring mutations in either the RNA recognition motif (RRM) or the NTF2L domain exported messenger RNA (mRNA) as efficiently as the wild type protein
Extensive studies have greatly clarified the molecular mechanisms of mRNA export
Summary
Eukaryotic cells consist of various organelles that execute different activities to sustain a range of cellular functions. Genes 2015, 6 of proteins exclusively takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm Due to this physical separation, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) must be exported to the cytoplasm where they direct protein synthesis, whereas proteins participate in the nuclear activities are imported into the nucleus. In the nucleus, precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) undergo extensive processing including capping at the 5' end, splicing and polyadenylation at the 3' end, before being transported to the cytoplasm. Due to this unusual intricacy as transport cargoes, the nuclear export mechanism of mRNA is unique and distinct from those of the other small non-coding RNAs
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