Abstract
Callus cultures were initiated from shoot base explants of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on Murashige and skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Plantlets were regenerated from 90 days old calli on MS media supplemented with 3 mg/l benzyl adenine. Regenerated plants were subsequently transferred to the field. 24 regenerants were analyzed for possible occurrence of somaclonal variation through cytophotometric estimation of 4C nuclear DNA content, analysis of essential oil content and molecular characterization. Significant variation was observed in 4C nuclear DNA content with mean value 8.82 pg and 8.33 pg in 2 regenerants. Analysis of essential oil of 3 regenerants showed significant variation with mean value (0.93 %, 0.73 %, 0.8 %) respectively when compared with the mean oil content 0.48 % of source plant. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) based DNA fingerprinting could also detect variation in regenerants with polymorphism in banding pattern as compared to control. These somaclonal variations detected in callus derived regenerants have enough significance for producing improved varieties of turmeric.
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