Abstract
We present an analysis of hadroproduction of J∕ψ and ψ(2S) at fixed-target energies in the framework of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD). Using both pion- and proton-induced data, a new determination of the color-octet long-distance matrix elements (LDMEs) is obtained. Compared with previous results, the contributions from the qq̄ and color-octet processes are significantly enhanced, especially at lower energies. A good agreement between the pion-induced J∕ψ production data and NRQCD calculations using the newly obtained LDMEs is achieved. We find that the pion-induced charmonium production data are sensitive to the gluon density of pions, and favor pion PDFs with relatively large gluon contents at large x.
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