Abstract
Recent studies and tests have shed light on the large role played by fluid-dynamics phenomena on laser processing. They are responsible for the largest portion of the losses in the welding and cutting processes. The mechanism by which these losses occur is here explained and their values are given. Assist gas system improper design and use cause strong flow field instabilities and worsened chokings that impede the assist gas primary function of removing, by fluid-mechanical action, the molten material from the cut slit, and in the case of an exothermic reacting gas also the other essential function of sustaining even a slow stoichiometric burning. Flow visualization and phenomenological analyses have given a better insight on the involved phenomena and suggested new nozzle designs for laser cutting.
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