Abstract
In a typical operation of palm oil mill, oil palm residues and palm oil mill effluent (POME) would be produced. While the oil palm residues have been well harnessed as biomass fuel, regional planning of efficient POME utilisation via biogas recovery and upgrading, coupled with possible biogas compressed natural gas (bioCNG) transshipment among the palm oil mill cluster, deserves more research and development. In this study, the objective is to design a modelling tool for optimising the oil palm biomass and POME utilisation pathway as well as bioCNG distribution network for a palm oil mill cluster with maximum simultaneous economic satisfaction level. Fuzzy optimisation approach was applied for this proposed multiple-objective modelling problem. Two case studies were simulated by the developed mathematical tool to examine the economic benefit of POME utilisation pathway in multiple-site palm oil processing complex (POPC) design. Moreover, the impact of feed-in-tariff (FIT) quota variation on POPC and bioCNG transshipment pathway designs was examined. From the simulation, it was found that POME utilisation pathway incorporation had increased the overall annual worth by MYR 15,049,096 per year due to additional revenues from bioCNG and biogas-derived electricity sales as well as utility saving.
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