Novel water soluble polymeric sensors for the sensitive and selective recognition of Fe3+/Fe2+ in aqueous media

Abstract

Fe3+ and Fe2+ are common metal ions in natural water environments and creatures. The development of water-soluble fluorescent sensors for detecting Fe2+/Fe3+ ions was of great significance. In this work, two kinds of boron fluoride dipyrrole (BODIPY) fluorescent small-molecules were synthesized firstly. One of the small molecules contains a thioester bond that can be used as a chain transfer agent to participate in the polymerization process, and the other contains an unsaturated C = C double bond at the meso position. Through the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) polymerization method, methacrylic acid (MAA) and methacrylamide (MAM) were used as the main monomers, and small molecular fluorescent monomers were introduced to the end of the main chain. In this way, fluorescent macromolecules were obtained. The polymers were water soluble owing to the presence of long enough hydrophilic carboxyl and amide chains. These fluorescent probes exhibit high sensitivity to Fe2+/Fe3+, good selectivity, and anti-interference of other ions. The detection limit for Fe2+ was as low as 2.3 × 10−7 M, and the detection limit for Fe3+ can reach up to 4.5 × 10−7 M. The results show that these probes can be used as good sensors to identify Fe2+ and Fe3+. Moreover, the fluorophores could be incorporated into polymer chains as the RAFT reagents and/or functional monomers.