Abstract
BackgroundThe success of bone augmentation to a major degree depends on the biomechanics and biological conditions of the surrounding tissues. Therefore, an animal model is needed providing anatomical sites with similar mechanical pressures for comparing its influence on different biomaterials for bone regeneration. The present report describes the new bone formation associated to biomaterial in a bursa created in the epidural space, between dura mater and cranial calvaria, under the constant pressure of cerebrospinal fluid.MethodsFive adult California rabbits were used for the trial. In each animal, two bursae were created in the epidural spaces, in the anterior part of the skull, below both sides of the interfrontal suture. The spaces between dura mater and cranial calvaria were filled with in-situ hardening biphasic calcium phosphate containing hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium-phosphate (BCP), in-situ hardening phase-pure beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or without any biomaterials (sham). After 90 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the defect sites were extracted and processed for histomorphometric analysis by optical and backscattered electron microscopy.ResultsThe cranial epidural spaces created (n = 10) could be preserved by the application both BCP (n = 3) and β-TCP biomaterials (n = 3) in all experimental sites. The sites augmented with BCP showed less new bone formation but a trend to better volume preservation than the sites augmented with β-TCP. However, the bone in the BCP sites seemed to be more mature as indicated by the higher percentage of lamellar bone in the sites. In contrast, the created space could not be preserved, and new bone formation was scarce in the sham-operated sites (n = 4).ConclusionThe experimental bursae created bilaterally in the epidural space allows comparing objectively bone formation in relation to biomaterials for bone regeneration under permanent physiological forces from cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
Highlights
The success of bone augmentation to a major degree depends on the biomechanics and biological conditions of the surrounding tissues
This model may be an advantage to analyse if a specific biomaterial can maintain the space created being subjected to the constant hydrodynamic pressure of cerebrospinal fluid, which is transmitted through the dura mater to the biomaterial
The morphological analysis of the anatomical site treated showed epidural bone formation associated with the biomaterials in the space created between dura mater and internal surface of calvaria 3 month after the surgery (Fig. 2)
Summary
The success of bone augmentation to a major degree depends on the biomechanics and biological conditions of the surrounding tissues. In the literature, the cranial epidural space itself seems to be disregarded as an anatomical site for bone regeneration studies In this anatomical site, biomaterial particles could be inserted in bursae atraumatically opened between the dura mater and the cranial vault surface at a distance of the bone defect created for accessing. Biomaterial particles could be inserted in bursae atraumatically opened between the dura mater and the cranial vault surface at a distance of the bone defect created for accessing This model may be an advantage to analyse if a specific biomaterial can maintain the space created being subjected to the constant hydrodynamic pressure of cerebrospinal fluid, which is transmitted through the dura mater to the biomaterial
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