Novel ultrasound-guided lateral approach for femoral nerve block in cats: a pilot study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe the technique for a novel lateral approach to femoral nerve block in cat cadavers. Five feline cadavers were used in our prospective cadaveric experimental study. Ultrasonography was used to identify the anatomy injection site. Both pelvic limbs were injected with a volume (0.1 ml/kg) of methylene blue in each cat. The cadavers were placed in lateral recumbency, with the limb to be blocked positioned uppermost. The transducer was held perpendicular to the most proximal area of the pelvic limb, ventral to the greater trochanter and slightly cranial to the femur. Methylene blue was injected after the localisation of the femoral nerve. Immediately after the injection, the cat was turned and the technique was repeated on the contralateral side. After performing the 'block' in both limbs, the area was dissected bilaterally and the success was evaluated. A positive femoral nerve staining was considered for a coverage of ⩾1 cm. A total of 10 ultrasound-guided femoral nerve injections were performed. Ninety percent (n = 9/10) of the nerves were successfully dyed. The novel ultrasound-guided lateral approach may be suitable and reproducible for a successful femoral nerve blockade in cats. Further investigations about the clinical usefulness and safety of this femoral nerve block in live cats are required.