Novel ultrafiltration membranes with adjustable charge density based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) block copolymers and their tunable protein separation performance

Abstract

A novel poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) block copolymer was prepared from previously synthesized fluoride terminated oligomer (A16) and hydroxyl terminated oligomer (B12) by aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation reaction. PAES was subsequently sulfonated under controlled conditions to yield a copolymer (S-PAES) with sulfonic acid groups selectively in the B12 segments and without chain degradation. Non-solvent induced phase separation method was used to prepare a series of ultrafiltration membranes from blends of S-PAES and PAES with varied ratios and, hence, sulfonic acid group densities. Porous membrane morphologies, structure and surface properties were characterized comprehensively using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode, as well as contact angle and zeta potential measurements. Studies of membrane performance revealed systematically increasing water permeabilities and reduced protein fouling tendencies with increasing fraction of S-PAES in the membrane. The protein transmission as function of pH value (and hence protein charge) was studied for two model proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) and found to be controlled by combined size exclusion and charge effects. The selectivity for the separation of the binary protein mixture could be systematically increased with increasing membrane charge density (by increasing S-PAES fraction). Consequently, the trade-off relationship between permeability and selectivity for conventional ultrafiltration membranes where separation is based on size exclusion solely could be overcome. Due to their high stability and tunable functionality, the PAES block copolymers have also large potential as membrane material for other applications.