Abstract
Compared with the three-dimensional bulk materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit superior electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties due to the reduced dimensionality. The quantum confinement effect of 2D materials gives rise to exotic physical properties, and receives extensive attention of the scientists. Lots of routes to fabricate the 2D materials have been proposed by the material scientists, including the traditional mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy under ultra-high vacuum (UHV), and so on. Among them, fabricating materials under ultra-high vacuum has the advantages of constructing large-scale and high-quality samples, and is therefore widely adopted in the 2D material growth. In this paper, we review three different strategies of growing 2D materials under UHV conditions, including molecular beam epitaxy, graphene intercalation and manual manipulation by nano probes. We compare the advantages and drawbacks among those methods in creating 2D materials, and try to provide some guidance to the community, especially those who are new to the field.
Highlights
图 8 (a) Au(111)表面单层 MoSe2 岛的 STM 图像;(b) MoSe2 岛的原子分辨 STM 图像;(c-d) 大面积(c)和原 子分辨(d)的 Mo 边界 STM 图像;(e) MoSe2 上不同区域的 dI/dV 谱线;(f) MoSe2 岛边界上不同位置的 dI/dV 谱线[77] Fig. 8. (a) STM image of monolayer MoSe2 islands on Au(111) substrate;(b) Atomic-resolved STM image of singlelayer MoSe2 with hexagonal lattice;(c-d) Large-scale (c) and atomically resolved (d) STM image of Mo edge; (e) Normalized dI/dV curves obtained on the three different domains of MoSe2 on Au(111);(f) Six normalized dI/dV curves taken on the six edges of one MoSe2 island[77]
图 15 (a) 薄层晶态二氧化硅插层样品的大面积截面 STEM 图像;(b) 高分辨 STEM 图像显示晶态二氧化硅 的双层结构;(c) 界面处的 EELS 谱;(d) 晶态二氧化硅表面石墨烯的 STM 图像;(e) 晶态二氧化硅插层之 后石墨烯的 Raman 光谱[108] Fig. 15. (a) Large-scale aberration-corrected bright-field STEM image of the bilayer-silica intercalated sample. (b) High resolution STEM image taken at the red box in (a) clearly shows the atomic structure of the interfacial silica. (c) EELS of Si-L2,3 edge taken at the intercalation layer. (d) Atomic-resolution STM image of the graphene overlayer. (e) Raman spectra of the graphene after intercalation of the crystalline SiO2[108]
Schematic and STM images of the graphene origami[142]
Summary
图 1 不同基底表面硅烯的分子束外延生长.(a-d) 硅烯在 Ag(111)[11] (a), ZrB2(0001)[17] (b), Ir(111)[18] (c) 和 Ru(0001)[19] (d)表面生长的 STM 图像 Fig. 1. Molecular beam epitaxial growth of silicene monolayers on different substrates. (a-d) STM images of silicene monolayer on Ag(111)[11] (a), ZrB2(0001)[17] (b), Ir(111)[18] (c) and Ru(0001)[19] (d), respectively. 图 3 锡烯在不同衬底上的分子束外延生长.(a) 单层锡烯在 Bi2Te3(111)表面外延生长的 STM 图像[32];(b) InSb(111)表面外延生长锡烯和钾掺杂锡烯在 Г 点附近的能带结构[33];(c-d) Cu(111)表面外延生长纯平锡烯的 大面积 STM 图像(c)和原子分辨图像(d)[37];(e) Ir(111)上外延氮化硼表面生长锡烯的 STM 图像[40] Fig. 3.
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