Novel Trivalent Vectored Vaccine for Control of Myxomatosis and Disease Caused by Classical and a New Genotype of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus.

Sylvia Reemers,Joyce Van Schijndel,Leon Peeters,Beth Bruton,Saskia Van De Zande,David Sutton,Leo Van Der Waart

doi:10.3390/vaccines8030441

Sylvia Reemers, Joyce Van Schijndel + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030441

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Journal: Vaccines	Publication Date: Aug 5, 2020
Citations: 6	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: MSD (Netherlands)

Abstract

Myxoma virus (MV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are the major causes of lethal viral diseases in the European rabbit. In 2010, a new RHDV genotype (RHDV2) emerged in the field that had limited cross-protection with the classical RHDV (RHDV1). For optimal protection of rabbits and preventing spread of disease, a vaccine providing protection against all three key viruses would be ideal. Therefore, a novel trivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine (Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS) was developed similar to the existing bivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine Nobivac Myxo-RHD. The new vaccine contains the Myxo-RHDV1 strain already included in Nobivac Myxo-RHD and a similarly produced Myxo-RHDV2 strain. This paper describes several key safety and efficacy studies conducted for European licensing purposes. Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS showed to be safe for use in rabbits from five weeks of age onwards, including pregnant rabbits, and did not spread from vaccinated rabbits to in-contact controls. Furthermore, protection to RHDV1 and RHDV2 was demonstrated by challenge, while the serological response to MV was similar to that after vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD. Therefore, routine vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS can prevent the kept rabbit population from these major viral diseases.

Highlights

Two major viral diseases affecting the European rabbit are myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD).Myxomatosis is caused by myxoma virus, a member of the poxvirus family, genus Leporipoxvirus, and originated in the New World
There are various vaccines commercially available that protect against disease caused by either myxoma virus alone or disease caused by RHDV1 and/or RHDV2 and only one vaccine that protects against both myxomatosis and RHD1
There was no vaccine available that will protect against disease caused by myxoma virus, RHDV1 and RHDV2 with one vaccination

Summary

Introduction

Two major viral diseases affecting the European rabbit are myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD).Myxomatosis is caused by myxoma virus, a member of the poxvirus family, genus Leporipoxvirus, and originated in the New World. Two major viral diseases affecting the European rabbit are myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). While myxoma virus only causes mild disease in its natural host, the American rabbit, it causes serious disease and mortality in the European rabbit. It was not until the 1950s after being deliberately released in Australia and France that the virus became endemic [1]. After skin inoculation the virus replicates at the inoculation site in MHCII+ cells and spreads within leukocytes to the lymph nodes within 24 h. Major sites of pathology are lymphoid tissues and the skin, resulting in typical clinical signs of oedematous swelling of eyelids, face, ears and the ano-genital area and serous nasal and conjunctival discharge [1,2]. Besides the nodular form of myxomatosis, there is Vaccines 2020, 8, 441; doi:10.3390/vaccines8030441 www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines

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