Abstract
A calix[4]arene conjugate bearing 1-aminoanthraquinone with amide linkage (L) has been synthesized and characterized, and its ability to recognize three most important essential ions, viz., La3+, Cu2+ and Br− has been addressed by fluorescence technique. L shows a minimum detection limit 0.88 nM for La3+, 0.19 nM for Cu2+ and 0.15 nM for Br−. The sensor based on (L) exhibits the working concentration range 5–120 nM for (La3+, Cu2+ and Br−) with their binding constant(Ks) 10.21 × 108 M−1(La3+), 7.04 × 108 M−1(Cu2+), 7.96 × 108 M−1 (Br−). Further, we report an easy-to-use, low cost and disposable paper-based sensing device for rapid chemical screening of La3+, Cu2+ and Br−. The device comprises luminescent sensing probe embedded into a nitrocellulose matrix where the resonance energy transfer phenomenon seems to be the sensing mechanism. The MOPAC-2016 software package has been used to optimize the L using PM7 popular method, analysed heat of formation which is −262.5572 kcals/mole and also determined the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap for L and composite of La3+, Cu2+ and Br− with L. Furthermore, to assess its analytical applicability the prepared sensor was successfully applied for determination of three different real samples (soil samples for La3+, blood serum for Cu2+ and industrial water for Br−) for validation of proposed method by recovery of ions with 94–99%.
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