Novel Triton X-114 coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle adsorbent for Cd(II) and Co(II) ions preconcentration in honey samples using magnetic solid-phase extraction: Determination by ICP-OES

Abstract

This work focuses on creating and studying the effectiveness of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (TX-114), respectively, as adsorbent. Fe3O4@APTES@TX-114 adsorbent extracts heavy metal cations Cd2+ and Co2+ using a magnetic solid phase extraction technique. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). After this stage, Cd2+ and Co2+ determinations were made with the ICP-OES device. The optimum conditions for recovering Cd2+ and Co2+ cations were pH 7, an adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L, and a contact time of 120 min. While the method was compatible with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was more compatible than the pseudo-first-order. Acidic and basic media were investigated for the desorption of Cd2+ and Co2+ ions from the adsorbent. At the same time, maximum recovery was achieved for both cations at a concentration of 1.5 mol/L HCl, but no significant recovery was obtained in the NaOH medium. The common ion study observed that Cd2+ and Co2+ cations were recovered over 95 % in the presence of many cations and anions at different concentrations. The relative standard deviation (RSD), limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), and enrichment factor (EF) were calculated as 1.40 %, 2.963 µg/L, 0.889 µg/L, 20.99 for Cd2+ and 3.05 %, 1.88 µg/L, 0.564 µg/L, 109.41 for Co2+, respectively. The magnetic solid phase extraction method realized quantitative recovery of Cd2+ and Co2+ cations in different honey samples. It was found that the heavy metal contents in honey samples from the Sakarya region are below permissible levels.