Abstract
We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate all solid state, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) microsupercapacitors (µ-SCs) prepared using the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) and a mask-free axiDraw sketching apparatus. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the extermination of oxygen functional groups as the reducing temperature (RT) increases, while the Raman shows the presence of the defect and graphitic peaks. The electrochemical performance of the µ-SCs showed cyclic voltammetry (CV) potential window of 0–0.8 V at various scan rates of 5–1000 mVs−1 with a rectangular shape, depicting characteristics of electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior. The µ-SC with 14 cm−2 (number of digits per unit area) showed a 46% increment in capacitance from that of 6 cm−2, which is also higher than the µ-SCs with 22 and 26 cm−2. The TRGO-500 exhibits volumetric energy and power density of 14.61 mW h cm−3 and 142.67 mW cm−3, respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed the decrease in the equivalent series resistance (ESR) as a function of RT due to reduction of the resistive functional groups present in the sample. Bode plot showed a phase angel of −85° for the TRGO-500 µ-SC device. The electrochemical performance of the µ-SC devices can be tuned by varying the RT, number of digits per unity area, and connection configuration (parallel or series).
Highlights
Carbon is a naturally abundant element, which is very interesting due to its ability to self-bind in different ways giving rise to various carbon structural allotropes such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, diamond, and fullerenes [1,2,3,4]
The μ-SC is composed of only five components: microscopic glass (MSG) as a substrate, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) as an active material and a current collector because of its conductivity; copper foils as positive and negative terminals; and kapton tape which adheres the copper foil onto the current collector (edge (E) of the μ-SC)
The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) curves of the TRGO-300 μ-SC are displayed in Figure 5b,c, respectively
Summary
Carbon is a naturally abundant element, which is very interesting due to its ability to self-bind in different ways giving rise to various carbon structural allotropes such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, diamond, and fullerenes [1,2,3,4]. Graphene is a two-dimensional single layer of carbon atoms with astonishing electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This is because atoms are bonded through sp hybridization, giving rise to the three in-plane σ bonds reposible for flexibility and strength. The weak, out-of-plane π bond is responsible for electrical and thermal properties [5,6]. The presence of these bondings makes graphene one of the best materials suitable for microsupercapacitor (μ-SC) application [6,7]. The abovementioned properties are only observed in defect-free graphene, which is difficult and expensive to mass produce
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