Abstract
From the early past to the present, biotechnologies have produced the ability to genetically transform a wide variety of plant species. The plant transformation technologies have changed the face of agriculture and plant biology. Plant genetic transformation is one of the key technologies for crop improvement in addition to emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plastid genomes and plant nuclear can be genetically modified. Until now, essential functional differences between the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid and the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus will have an impact on characteristics of transgenic organism. Thus, the main goals are to generate transgenic plants with the traits of interest as well as minimizing the amount of transgenic DNA in plants while maximizing stability of gene expression and trait performance. In this review, two broad groups of gene delivery methods will be discussed namely, (bilogical and physical methods) and subsequently there applications for improving disease resistance will be discussed.
Highlights
Fundamental element for crop improvement and development of new cultivars with desirable characters is the ability to modify the genetic composition of a plant
It has been reported by the group of researchers in Japan and Australia Nakano, Suzuki [17], large DNA molecules about 100 kb integrated by this indirect method and tend to be rearranged with deletions, duplications and insertions in the transgenic rice lines and in itself
Particle bombardment is a theoretically simple powerful tool for biotechnologists allowing direct gene transfer to a broad range of cells and tissues which have been found difficult to transform by other technique, and is more valuable for improving species which have high level of heterozygosity such as potato and cassava [20]
Summary
Fundamental element for crop improvement and development of new cultivars with desirable characters is the ability to modify the genetic composition of a plant. The development of somatic cell hybridization and protoplast culture is one of. How to cite this paper: Rashid, A.H.A. and Lateef, D.D. The first step for genetic transformation is the DNA delivery to cells or tissues, followed by culture and selection to permit only those tissues and cells having a marker gene (for instance, herbicide resistance gene or antibiotic) to proliferate and survive further. Approaches for delivering DNA into plant cells and gene transformation can be divided into two major categories: direct and indirect DNA deliveries. For introducing genes into plants, microprojectile bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer direct are the most widely exploited methods because of their ability to transform intact, re-generable tissues and organs [6]-[8]. Two broad groups of gene delivery methods will be discussed namely (bilogical and physical methods), and subsequently there applications for improving disease resistance will be discussed
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