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Abstract
Solid electrolytes can simultaneously overcome two of the most formidable challenges facing current state-of-art Li-ion batteries: the severe safety issues and insufficient energy densities. On the other hand, two major limitations of solid electrolytes must be overcome before they can be implemented for practical use: the relatively slow ionic conductivity and their limited interfacial stability and conductivity with electrodes. Since ion transport in solids and their interfaces is based on a hopping mechanism from atomic sites to nearby vacancy sites or suitable interstitial sites, a prerequisite to overcome these challenges is a thorough understanding of the material’s behavior at the microscopic and/or the atomic level. Transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool that provides the spatial resolution required. Here, we review recent electron microscopy investigations towards understanding the ion transport behavior in solid electrolyte materials and their interfaces. Specifically, three aspects of recent microscopy research will be highlighted: the influence of individual grain microstructure on ion conductivity, the contribution of grain boundaries, and the behavior of solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces. Based on these results, the perspectives for future research will be discussed.
Highlights
With the exhaustion of fossil fuels, high-performance energy storage devices have received significant attention in recent years (Quartarone and Mustarelli, 2011; Bruce et al, 2012)
With the success in alleviating the challenges caused by electron beam irradiation damage, more and more investigations that could not be performed previously are reported
With the recent remarkable developments in microscopy instrumentations, such as fast cameras and detectors, low voltage TEMs, and multi-functional specimen stages, these challenges should be overcome in the near future, and electron microscopy is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the research of Li-ionconducting solid electrolytes
Summary
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries: A Perspective from Electron Microscopy Studies. Solid electrolytes can simultaneously overcome two of the most formidable challenges of Li-ion batteries: the severe safety issues and insufficient energy densities. Before they can be implemented in actual batteries, the ionic conductivity needs to be improved and the interface with electrodes must be optimized. We review recent electron microscopy investigations on the ion transport behavior in solid electrolytes and their interfaces. Three aspects will be highlighted: the influence of grain interior atomic configuration on ionic conductivity, the contribution of grain boundaries, and the behavior of solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces.
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