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Abstract
The characterisation of x-rays from laser-plasma interactions is of utmost importance as they can be useful for both monitoring electron dynamics and also applications in an industrial capacity. A novel versatile scintillator x-ray spectrometer diagnostic that is capable of single shot measurements of x-rays produced from laser-plasma interactions is presented here. Examples of the design and extraction of the temperature of the spectrum of x-rays produced in an intense laser-solid interaction (479 ± 39 keV) and the critical energy from a betatron source (30 ± 10 keV) are discussed. Finally, a simple optimisation process involving adjusting the scintillator thickness for a particular range of input spectra is demonstrated.
Highlights
When a high-intensity laser (>1 × 1018 W/cm2) interacts with an underdense or overdense plasma, a relativistic population of electrons is generated
We have used the hard x-ray spectrometer, primarily due to the x-ray sources available, and a radioactive source to first confirm the diagnostic performance as a spectrometer and second calculate the counts on the camera per unit of x-ray energy absorbed in the scintillators
We have demonstrated the use of an absorption-based x-ray spectrometer with scintillators as both the filter and active material
Summary
When a high-intensity laser (>1 × 1018 W/cm2) interacts with an underdense or overdense plasma, a relativistic population of electrons is generated These electrons can create x-rays that have a short pulse duration and small source size and are highly penetrating due to their energy spectrum. One of the simplest techniques for observing the x-ray spectrum is to use an absorption based spectrometer.5,8 These spectrometers usually use high density filters to attenuate x-rays of energy greater than hundreds of keV, which are readily achievable from many high-power laser-solid interactions.. These spectrometers usually use high density filters to attenuate x-rays of energy greater than hundreds of keV, which are readily achievable from many high-power laser-solid interactions.3,4,12 Such diagnostics are widely used because of the ability to determine the response curves to x-rays with ease using Monte Carlo simulations, such as GEANT4, that contains the relevant photon attenuation and absorption physics.. The optical light emitted is imaged, and the energy deposited in the scintillators can be measured
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